A personal safety alarm is a portable device designed to alert others if you’re in danger. Think of it as a handheld, wearable security system. When activated, it emits a loud, often piercing, siren to draw attention from nearby people and potentially deter attackers. Most panic alarms blast at least 120 decibels, which is comparable to a thunderclap or a jet taking off, but volumes can vary. Many models also feature an LED flashlight, and some even go a step further by sending emergency alerts to preset contacts or 24/7 monitoring services.

TSA-friendly and allowed in places where other self-defense tools (like pepper spray) might be prohibited, personal security alarms can also offer peace of mind. Unlike your smartphone, they’re built for simplicity and speed in urgent moments; no need to unlock a device or fumble with a safety app. This makes them ideal for college students, children, and seniors who need safer alternatives to traditional self-defense tools.

If you’re hiking or camping in areas with wildlife, a loud alarm might help scare off dangerous animals if they wander too close. While it’s no guarantee—and it’s always best to be educated on avoidance techniques when exploring the great outdoors—a sudden sound can sometimes discourage a rogue raccoon or coyote from venturing closer.

Some safety alarms are equipped with features that connect you to emergency responders, which can be invaluable for medical emergencies. Alternatively, a loud siren can grab the attention of someone who can call 911 on your behalf if you’re not able to.

Pepper spray is legal in all 50 states, but be sure to read your specific state’s fine print before you purchase. Most states only allow adults 18 and older to buy and carry, but additional restrictions may apply. Wisconsin and California, for example, regulate both the size of the canister and the concentration of oleoresin capsicum (OC) it can contain. In Massachusetts and New York, you can purchase pepper spray only from a licensed in-state pharmacist, so online shopping is off the table.

It’s also important to note that pepper spray (and gel) is classified as a weapon in some jurisdictions, meaning anyone with prior convictions is prohibited from carrying it altogether. Pepper spray is also often banned in certain spaces, including but not limited to government buildings, schools, and commercial flights. Ignoring local laws could lead to fines and/or criminal charges, so double-check the rules in your place of residence before you swipe that credit card.

1. Consider your lifestyle. Think about where and how you’ll use the siren alarm. A keychain alarm might be ideal for city commutes, but a wearable model is probably a better option for outdoor activities.
2. Test it first. Before heading out, pull the alarm to ensure it sounds as intended. If it includes an emergency dispatch feature, test that too—be sure to notify the responder during the call that this is a test. Also, regularly check the battery.
3. Stay aware. Personal alarms are tools, not shields, and they’re most effective when paired with situational awareness. When outside, stay alert to potential risks and trust your instincts.
4. Have a plan. An alarm should be one part of a larger safety strategy. Plan through what you’ll do after activating it: Identify spaces to run to and know who to call for help.